私奔到月球: Euromaidan - 烏克蘭反政府抗爭

2013年11月開始，烏克蘭總統亞努科維奇政策大轉彎，
突然取消原本和歐盟簽署政治和自由貿易協議。
過沒多久，總統亞努科維奇和俄羅斯總統普京簽訂了經貿協議，
協議內容包括了俄羅斯將提供廉價天然氣，購買美金150億美元的烏克蘭主權債卷。

此動作引發讓原本想入歐盟的政府反對黨，號召上街頭集合抗議。

至2014年，抗議活動並沒有解決，問題持續延燒。
為了要抑止反對黨的抗議行動，烏克蘭政府於2014/1/24通過集會遊行法條，禁止幾乎所有的抗議活動。

烏克蘭新法限制了甚麼:

● 未經授權的帳篷、舞台、或是擴音器不得出現在公共場域

● 穿戴面罩或頭盔的人將被逮捕

● 示威民眾隊伍中的車輛不得超過五輛

● 違規者面臨高昂罰金或是牢獄

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此舉動引起反對黨的不滿，將戰火逐漸變成暴力示威。
儘管反對派曾與警方達成的一份類似停火協議的文件，但反對派中的一些人率先動手，對此內務部部長扎哈爾琴科在該部門網站發表公告表示，和平手段是徒勞的，這暗示首都的示威可能以暴力收場。[2]

於當地時間2014年1月24日，烏克蘭總統亞努科維奇承諾修改限制公眾集會的新法案，對政府進行改組，並特赦一些沒有犯下「嚴重罪行」的示威者。然而反對派對此並不滿意，堅持要求總統辭職。

2014年1月25日，烏克蘭總統亞努科維奇建議反對派人物擔任總理，凖備讓反對派領導人亞森努克出任總理，另一名反對派領導人克利欽科出任副總理。亞努科維奇在和反對派舉行新一輪對話後在總統的官方網頁上做出這一承諾，除此之外此外，他還承諾要修改憲法。
亞努科維奇表示希望朝野雙方能結束已經遍布烏克蘭各地的暴力對峙，但反對派一直要求他下台。

阿扎羅夫於2014年1月28日提出辭去烏克蘭總理職務，他表示希望自己的辭職能讓烏克蘭衝突各方達成妥協方案並結束衝突。同日總統亞努科維奇接受辭職申請。
除此之外，烏克蘭議會投票以壓倒多數通過決議，廢除引起爭議的反示威立法。廢除引起爭議的反示威立法。

但是，示威抗議群眾拒絕接受政府最新提出的只要先撤退就能獲得赦免的新規定。
烏克蘭議會星期三（1月29日）通過的赦免法規定，如果抗議者從他們所佔據的政府辦公大樓和街道廣場上撤退，就能獲得赦免。
反對派拒絕這個先決條件，至1/29日，抗議者依舊佔據首都基輔市中心和重要建築。

Protesters burn tires as they clash with riot police during an anti-government protest in downtown Kiev, Ukraine, Jan. 22. At least two people died of gunshot wounds on January 22 during anti-government protests in Ukraine. (ROMAN PILIPEY/EPA)

Riot police officers gather as they clash with protestors in the center of Kiev on Jan. 22. Ukrainian police stormed protesters' barricades in Kiev as violent clashes erupted.(ANATOLII BOIKO/AFP/Getty Images)

Ukrainian riot policemen detain a bleeding protester following clashes between security forces and pro-EU demonstrators in central Kiev on Jan. 22. (ANATOLII BOIKO/AFP/Getty Images)

A woman cries as she and others appeal to Ukrainian police troops at the site of clashes with anti-government protesters in Kiev Jan. 24. Ukrainian protesters erected more street barricades and occupied a government ministry building on Friday after the failure of crisis talks with President Viktor Yanukovich, pointing to a further hot weekend of protest. The words on the placard read, from top: "Soldiers and policemen, pass on to the people's side. Together to the victory. Glory to Ukraine." (Gleb Garanich/Reuters)

A pro-European integration protester takes cover behind a makeshift shield at the site of clashes with riot police in Kiev Jan. 23. Ukrainian opposition leaders emerged from crisis talks with President Viktor Yanukovich on Wednesday saying he had failed to give concrete answers to their demands, and told their supporters on the streets to prepare for a police offensive. (David Mdzinarishvili/Reuters)

A protester throws a Molotov cocktail during an anti-government protest in downtown Kiev, Ukraine, Jan 22. According to media reports, two men were shot dead as anti-government protests escalated in Ukraine, causing central Kiev to resemble a war zone with protesters and riot police battling on and off while smoke from burning tyres and firebombs blackened the sky. (ALEXEY FURMAN/EPA)

Pro-European integration protesters take cover from water sprayed from a fire engine at the site of clashes with riot police in Kiev Jan. 23. (Vasily Fedosenko/Reuters)

A view of anti-government protesters camping at the Independence Square in central Kiev Jan. 24. Ukrainian protesters erected more street barricades and occupied a government ministry building on Friday, fuelling tension after the failure of crisis talks with President Viktor Yanukovich. (Gleb Garanich/Reuters)

Police troops stand in front of a barricade at the site of clashes with anti-government protesters in Kiev Jan. 24. (Valentyn Ogirenko/Reuters)

Police block the road near the Ukrainian Cabinet of Ministers building on Jan. 24, in Kiev, Ukraine. After two months of primarily peaceful anti-government protests in the city center, new laws meant to end the protest movement have sparked violent clashes in recent days. (Brendan Hoffman/Getty Images)

A woman speaks as she kneels down in front of a line of riot police in the center of Kiev on Jan. 24. Ukrainian protesters today expanded their protest camp in Kiev closer to the administration of President Viktor Yanukovych, after crisis talks to end Ukraine's worst crisis since its 1991 independence ended in deadlock. (SERGEI SUPINSKY/AFP/Getty Images)

Protesters warm themselves at a fire during continuous anti-government protests in Kiev, Ukraine, Jan. 24. Anti-government protesters in Ukraine vowed to carry on after President Viktor Yanukovych failed to make major concessions in late-night talks with opposition leaders. (ZURAB KURTSIKIDZE/EPA)

Anti-government protesters stand on a barricade at the site of clashes with riot police in Kiev, Jan. 24. Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovich, in what appeared to be an offer of concessions to the opposition amid violent protests against his rule, pledged on Friday to reshuffle the government next week and to amend sweeping anti-protest laws. (David Mdzinarishvili/Reuters)

Some 10,000 Ukrainians take part in the funeral ceremony of dead protester Yuri Verbytsky in the western city of Lviv on Jan. 24. (YURIY DYACHYSHYN/AFP/Getty Images)

A protester wearing improvised protective gear helps a woman cross near the barricade in front of riot police in Kiev, Ukraine, Jan. 24. Protesters have seized a government building in the Ukrainian capital while also maintaining the siege of several governors' offices in the country's west, raising the pressure on the government. (Darko Vojinovic/Associated Press)

Activists of Euromaidan (the name given for Independence Square) burn tires and warm themselves at a barricade in the center of Kiev early on Jan 24. (SERGEI SUPINSKY/AFP/Getty Images)

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補充：烏克蘭與俄國的關係糾葛
● 1991：烏克蘭從前蘇聯(Soviet Union)政體中獨立
● 1997：烏克蘭與俄國結盟並達成有關「黑海艦隊」的協議
● 2004年11月：俄國支持的亞努科維奇贏得大選，但當地不斷傳出選舉造假的聲音。反對派在當時就發起稱為「橙色革命」的大規模示威活動。亞努科維奇之後也因為選舉不公下台
● 2004年12月：反對亞努科維奇的尤申科(Viktor Yushchenko)贏得重新舉辦的總統大選
● 2009年：俄國因為價格問題停止供應天然氣給烏克蘭
● 2010年：亞努科維奇贏得總統大選
● 2013年7月：烏克蘭想與歐盟合作，俄國開始下令禁止烏克蘭進口商品到俄國
● 2013年11月：亞努科維奇政策轉彎，放棄與歐盟合作，引起民眾不滿

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BBC 中文版相關新聞連結

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資料來源:
[1]. 地球圖輯隊：http://world.yam.com/post.php?id=1535
[2]. Wiki: http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euromaidan
[3]. 中文網：http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/
[4]. The Big Picture: http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2014/01/riots_in_ukraine.html

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2014年2月1日星期六

Euromaidan - 烏克蘭反政府抗爭

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2014年2月1日 星期六

Euromaidan - 烏克蘭反政府抗爭

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